ABSTRACT
Background: The relationship between physical activity andbetter quality of life, and association between inactivity andvarious non-communicable diseases are well documented.The objective of present study was to describe pattern ofphysical activity in women attending primary health carecenters in Jeddah, and to evaluate the impact of utilizing socialmedia to encourage Physical Education in inactive women.Materials and Methods: Through a cross section studydesign, 310 attendants of the primary health care centers inJeddah were selected randomly to assess the pattern ofPhysical Education by using Global Physical ActivityQuestionnaire (GPAQ) version 2.0. Out of the detected inactivewomen, 35 were subjected to an intervention using socialmedia to encourage physical activity; the impact of interventionwas done using pre-post analysis.Results: Only 13(10.3%) of the respondents reported that theyexert vigorous activity at work, and a greater percentage167(55.5%) exerting moderate activity. Only one quarter of therespondents 73(24.3%) pointed 8 that they perform vigorousactivity in recreation and leisure time with average METs of(median, IQR: 1440: 960-2640). The overall energyexpenditure of active respondents accounted for and averageMETs of (median, IQR: 2640: 1440-5760). The number ofrespondents who had been categorized as being inactivewas 90 corresponding to 29.9% of the respondents. Afterintervention, 17(48.6%) of the originally inactive womenbecame active with a statistically significant increase inaverage METs which reached up to (median, IQR: 3100: 1380-5300) p< 0.05.Conclusion: The prevalence of inactivity of women isconsiderably high and accord similar studies in other settings,our trial in its current form using social media is effective inencouraging physical activity in physically inactive women.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Blood transfusion is commonly undertaken in critically ill patients; and studies have suggested the use of oxygen extraction ratio (O2ER) as an additional transfusion trigger in critically ill patients. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between blood transfusion and oxygen extraction ratio in adult patients admitted to the general intensive care unit, using central venous oxygen saturation instead of mixed venous oxygen saturation.Methods: Arterial and central venous blood samples were drawn and a blood gas analysis immediately before commencement of blood transfusion was undertaken. At least 15 min after completion of the transfusion, similar samples were drawn and the blood gas analysis was repeated. The O2ER before and after transfusion was then calculated. Using paired student's t-test, we checked whether the mean difference between the two O2ERs was statistically significant. Results: We enrolled 58 patients in the study, the mean (±SD) haemoglobin concentration before transfusion was 7.38 g/dl (±1.71). The mean change in haemoglobin concentration following blood transfusion was 2.29 g/dl (±1.18), after transfusing an average of 1.95 (±0.83) units of packed cells. Mean O2ER was 0.27 (±0.11)before, and 0.25 (±0.12) after RBC transfusion. The mean change in O2ER was 0.018 SD ± 0.10 (95% CI, 0.0430.007; P = 0.15). Linear regression analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between change in haemoglobin concentration and change in O2ER; p-value = 0.12. Discussion: The change in oxygen extraction ratio was not statistically significant following blood transfusion in adult patients admitted to the general ICU at a tertiary teaching hospital. Further studies are required especially in patients with increased pre transfusion O2ER to evaluate the usefulness of this measurement as a possible transfusion trigger